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Dictionaries are tables that use a key to identify values instead of numbered indexes Values store data related to that key. Use dictionaries when you need to label values, not just list them in order as an array does.
Coding a Dictionary
Like arrays, dictionaries are created with curly brackets {} . Key value pairs are stored on separate lines followed by a comma. Keys and values can be any data type --including strings, numbers, and variable names. This dictionary uses string as keys.
Formatting Keys
If the key is not a string and is a valid name with no spaces, the brackets aren’t needed. Below, a dictionary uses booleans to track if a player has collected orbs needed for a quest.
Dictionaries are often used for organizing information for a character. Keys are used to label properties like name or health points. This examples uses a dictionary to do exactly that.
- Create a new Script.
- Type
local hero = {and then press Enter to autocomplete the dictionary.
- Name the hero by setting the key’s value and end the line with a comma.
Don't Mix Dictionaries and Arrays
To use individual dictionary values in code, type the name of the dictionary followed by the key in brackets. Example: dictionaryName[key]
- Print the hero’s name and then playtest the code.
Use Unique Keys
Lua won’t stop you from trying to reuse the same key. Keep this in mind as you code. In the example below, the second value given for the key [“name”] will be printed.
You’ll often need to add key-value pairs to an existing dictionary. For instance, adding players to a dictionary when they join the game, and then starting them off with 0 points.
Adding Key Value Pairs
- Type the name of the dictionary, followed by the name of the key in brackets.
- Example:
playerPoints['name'] - On the same line, set the value.
- Example :
playerPoints['name'] = 0
Removing Key Value Pairs
- Set the value to nil. This deletes the key.
- Example:
playerPoints['name'] = nil
Keys can also use variables. This example uses a variable to add a player’s name as a key when they join the game and then sets their points value to 0.
- In ServerScriptService, create a new script named PlayerPoints.
- Get the Players service and create an empty dictionary.
- Add a local function for setting player points with a parameter for a new player. Connect the function to the
Players.PlayerAddedevent.
- In the function, add a variable to get the player’s name and a print statement for testing.
Dictionaries> > Download Free Pdf Books Online
- Insert
nameinto the playerPoints dictionary as a key, and set the value to 0.
- Use
nameto print the name of the player andplayerPoints[name]to print the value of the key matching the variable.
Optional Challenges »
PreviousMaking Changes to ArraysNextpairs and iPairs
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